NetworkingTodo
From KVM
This page should cover all networking related activity in KVM, currently most info is related to virtio-net.
TODO: add bugzilla entry links.
projects in progress. contributions are still very wellcome!
- large-order allocations
see 28d6427109d13b0f447cba5761f88d3548e83605 Developer: MST
- vhost-net scalability tuning: threading for many VMs
Plan: switch to workqueue shared by many VMs
http://www.mail-archive.com/kvm@vger.kernel.org/msg69868.html
Developer: Bandan Das
Testing: netperf guest to guest
- support more queues
We limit TUN to 8 queues, but we really want
1 queue per guest CPU. The limit comes from net
core, need to teach it to allocate array of
pointers and not array of queues.
Jason has an draft patch to use flex array.
Another thing is to move the flow caches out of tun_struct.
Developer: Jason Wang
- enable multiqueue by default
Multiqueue causes regression in some workloads, thus
it is off by default. Detect and enable/disable
automatically so we can make it on by default.
This is because GSO tends to batch less when mq is enabled.
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/2235191/
Developer: Jason Wang
- rework on flow caches
Current hlist implementation of flow caches has several limitations:
1) at worst case, linear search will be bad
2) not scale
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/2025121/
Developer: Jason Wang
- eliminate the extra copy in virtio-net driver
We need do an extra copy of 128 bytes for every packets.
This could be eliminated for small packets by:
1) use build_skb() and head frag
2) bigger vnet header length ( >= NET_SKB_PAD + NET_IP_ALIGN )
Or use a dedicated queue for small packet receiving ? (reordering)
Developer: Jason Wang
- orphan packets less agressively (was make pktgen works for virtio-net ( or partially orphan ))
virtio-net orphans all skbs during tx, this used to be optimal.
Recent changes in guest networking stack and hardware advances
such as APICv changed optimal behaviour for drivers.
We need to revisit optimizations such as orphaning all packets early
to have optimal behaviour.
this should also fix pktgen which is currently broken with virtio net:
orphaning all skbs makes pktgen wait for ever to the refcnt.
Jason's idea: bring back tx interrupt (partially)
Jason's idea: introduce a flag to tell pktgen not for wait
Discussion here: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1800711/
MST's idea: add a .ndo_tx_polling not only for pktgen
Developers: Jason Wang, MST
- Announce self by guest driver [Done]
Send gARP by guest driver. Guest part is finished.
Qemu part is merged by MST.
Developer: Jason Wang
- Head of line blocking issue with zerocopy
zerocopy has several defects that will cause head of line blocking problem:
- limit the number of pending DMAs
- complete in order
This means is one of some of the DMAs were delayed, all other will also delayed. This could be reproduced with following case:
- boot two VMS VM1(tap1) and VM2(tap2) on host1 (has eth0)
- setup tbf to limit the tap2 bandwidth to 10Mbit/s
- start two netperf instances one from VM1 to VM2, another from VM1 to an external host whose traffic go through eth0 on host
Then you can see not only VM1 to VM2 is throttled, but also VM1 to external host were also throttled.
For this issue, a solution is orphan the frags when en queuing to non work conserving qdisc.
But we have have similar issues in other case:
- The card has its own priority queues
- Host has two interface, one is 1G another is 10G, so throttle 1G may lead traffic over 10G to be throttled.
The final solution is to remove receive buffering at tun, and convert it to user NAPI
Developer: Jason Wang
Reference: https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/1/17/105
- Write a ethtool seftest for virtio-net
Implement selftest ethtool method for virtio-net for regression test e.g the CVEs found for tun/macvtap, qemu and vhost.
Developer: CSDN summer code project student
- guest programmable mac/vlan filtering with macvtap
Developer: Amos Kong
qemu: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=848203 (applied by upstream)
libvirt: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=848199
http://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=commit;h=b1be42803b31a913bab65bab563a8760ad2e7f7f
Status: GuestProgrammableMacVlanFiltering
- bridge without promisc mode in NIC
given hardware support, teach bridge to program mac/vlan filtering in NIC Helps performance and security on noisy LANs http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/266546 Developer: Vlad Yasevich
- reduce networking latency:
allow handling short packets from softirq or VCPU context
Plan:
We are going through the scheduler 3 times
(could be up to 5 if softirqd is involved)
Consider RX: host irq -> io thread -> VCPU thread ->
guest irq -> guest thread.
This adds a lot of latency.
We can cut it by some 1.5x if we do a bit of work
either in the VCPU or softirq context.
Testing: netperf TCP RR - should be improved drastically
netperf TCP STREAM guest to host - no regression
Developer: MST
- Flexible buffers: put virtio header inline with packet data
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1540471/ Developer: MST
- device failover to allow migration with assigned devices
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Virt_Device_Failover Developer: Gal Hammer, Cole Robinson, Laine Stump, MST
- Reuse vringh code for better maintainability
Developer: Rusty Russell
- Improve stats, make them more helpful for per analysis
Developer: Sriram Narasimhan
- Enable GRO for packets coming to bridge from a tap interface
Developer: Dmitry Fleytman
- Better support for windows LRO
Extend virtio-header with statistics for GRO packets: number of packets coalesced and number of duplicate ACKs coalesced Developer: Dmitry Fleytman
- IPoIB infiniband bridging
Plan: implement macvtap for ipoib and virtio-ipoib Developer: MST
- netdev polling for virtio.
There are two kinds of netdev polling: - netpoll - used for debugging - rx busy polling for virtio-net [DONE] see https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next.git/commit/?id=91815639d8804d1eee7ce2e1f7f60b36771db2c9. 1 byte netperf TCP_RR shows 127% improvement. Future work is co-operate with host, and only does the busy polling when there's no other process in host cpu. Developer: Jason Wang
- interrupt coalescing
Reduce the number of interrupt Rx interrupt coalescing should be good for rx stream throughput. Tx interrupt coalescing will help the optimization of enabling tx interrupt conditionally. Developer: Jason Wang
- enable tx interrupt conditionally
Small packet TCP stream performance is not good. This is because virtio-net orphan the packet during ndo_start_xmit() which disable the TCP small packet optimizations like TCP small Queue and AutoCork. The idea is enable the tx interrupt to TCP small packets. Jason's idea: switch between poll and tx interrupt mode based on recent statistics. MST's idea: use a per descriptor flag for virtio to force interrupt for a specific packet. Developer: Jason Wang, MST
- use kvm eventfd support for injecting level-triggered interrupts
aim: enable vhost by default for level interrupts. The benefit is security: we want to avoid using userspace virtio net so that vhost-net is always used.
Alex emulated (post & re-enable) level-triggered interrupt in KVM for skipping userspace. VFIO already enjoied the performance benefit, let's do it for virtio-pci. Current virtio-pci devices still use level-interrupt in userspace.
kernel:
7a84428af [PATCH] KVM: Add resampling irqfds for level triggered interrupts
qemu:
68919cac [PATCH] hw/vfio: set interrupts using pci irq wrappers
(virtio-pci didn't use the wrappers)
e1d1e586 [PATCH] vfio-pci: Add KVM INTx acceleration
Developer: Amos Kong
- sharing config interrupts
Support more devices by sharing a single msi vector between multiple virtio devices. (Applies to virtio-blk too). Developer: Amos Kong
- network traffic throttling
block implemented "continuous leaky bucket" for throttling we can use continuous leaky bucket to network IOPS/BPS * RX/TX/TOTAL Developer: Amos Kong
- Allocate mac_table dynamically
In the future, maybe we can allocate the mac_table dynamically instead of embed it in VirtIONet. Then we can just does a pointer swap and gfree() and can save a memcpy() here. Developer: Amos Kong
- reduce conflict with VCPU thread
if VCPU and networking run on same CPU, they conflict resulting in bad performance. Fix that, push vhost thread out to another CPU more aggressively. Developer: Amos Kong
projects that are not started yet - no owner
- add documentation for macvlan and macvtap
recent docs here: http://backreference.org/2014/03/20/some-notes-on-macvlanmacvtap/ need to integrate in iproute and kernel docs.
- receive side zero copy
The ideal is a NIC with accelerated RFS support, So we can feed the virtio rx buffers into the correct NIC queue. Depends on non promisc NIC support in bridge. Search for "Xin Xiaohui: Provide a zero-copy method on KVM virtio-net" for a very old prototype
- RDMA bridging
- DMA emgine (IOAT) use in tun
Old patch here: [PATCH RFC] tun: dma engine support It does not speed things up. Need to see why and what can be done.
- virtio API extension: improve small packet/large buffer performance:
support "reposting" buffers for mergeable buffers, support pool for indirect buffers
- more GSO type support:
Kernel not support more type of GSO: FCOE, GRE, UDP_TUNNEL
- ring aliasing:
using vhost-net as a networking backend with virtio-net in QEMU being what's guest facing. This gives you the best of both worlds: QEMU acts as a first line of defense against a malicious guest while still getting the performance advantages of vhost-net (zero-copy). In fact a bit of complexity in vhost was put there in the vague hope to support something like this: virtio rings are not translated through regular memory tables, instead, vhost gets a pointer to ring address. This allows qemu acting as a man in the middle, verifying the descriptors but not touching the packet data.
- non-virtio device support with vhost
Use vhost interface for guests that don't use virtio-net
- Extend sndbuf scope to int64
Current sndbuf limit is INT_MAX in tap_set_sndbuf(), large values (like 8388607T) can be converted rightly by qapi from qemu commandline, If we want to support the large values, we should extend sndbuf limit from 'int' to 'int64'
Upstream discussion: https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2014-04/msg04192.html
vague ideas: path to implementation not clear
- change tcp_tso_should_defer for kvm: batch more
aggressively. in particular, see below
- tcp: increase gso buffering for cubic,reno
At the moment we push out an skb whenever the limit becomes large enough to send a full-sized TSO skb even if the skb, in fact, is not full-sized. The reason for this seems to be that some congestion avoidance protocols rely on the number of packets in flight to calculate CWND, so if we underuse the available CWND it shrinks which degrades performance: http://www.mail-archive.com/netdev@vger.kernel.org/msg08738.html
However, there seems to be no reason to do this for protocols such as reno and cubic which don't rely on packets in flight, and so will simply increase CWND a bit more to compensate for the underuse.
- ring redesign:
find a way to test raw ring performance
fix cacheline bounces
reduce interrupts
- irq/numa affinity:
networking goes much faster with irq pinning:
both with and without numa.
what can be done to make the non-pinned setup go faster?
- rx mac filtering in tun
the need for this is still not understood as we have filtering in bridge
we have a small table of addresses, need to make it larger
if we only need filtering for unicast (multicast is handled by IMP filtering)
- vlan filtering in tun
the need for this is still not understood as we have filtering in bridge
- vlan filtering in bridge
kernel part is done (Vlad Yasevich)
teach qemu to notify libvirt to enable the filter (still to do) (existed NIC_RX_FILTER_CHANGED event contains vlan-tables)
- tx coalescing
Delay several packets before kick the device.
- bridging on top of macvlan
add code to forward LRO status from macvlan (not macvtap) back to the lowerdev, so that setting up forwarding from macvlan disables LRO on the lowerdev
- virtio: preserve packets exactly with LRO
LRO is not normally compatible with forwarding. virtio we are getting packets from a linux host, so we could thinkably preserve packets exactly even with LRO. I am guessing other hardware could be doing this as well.
- vxlan
What could we do here?
- bridging without promisc mode with OVS
high level issues: not clear what the project is, yet
- security: iptables
At the moment most people disables iptables to get good performance on 10G/s networking. Any way to improve experience?
- performance
Going through scheduler and full networking stack twice (host+guest) adds a lot of overhead Any way to allow bypassing some layers?
- manageability
Still hard to figure out VM networking, VM networking is through libvirt, host networking through NM Any way to integrate?
testing projects
Keeping networking stable is highest priority.
- Write some unit tests for vhost-net/vhost-scsi
- Run weekly test on upstream HEAD covering test matrix with autotest
- Measure the effect of each of the above-mentioned optimizations
- Use autotest network performance regression testing (that runs netperf) - Also test any wild idea that works. Some may be useful.
- Migrate some of the performance regression autotest functionality into Netperf
- Get the CPU-utilization of the Host and the other-party, and add them to the report. This is also true for other Host measures, such as vmexits, interrupts, ... - Run Netperf in demo-mode, and measure only the time when all the sessions are active (could be many seconds after the beginning of the tests) - Packaging of Netperf in Fedora / RHEL (exists in Fedora). Licensing could be an issue. - Make the scripts more visible
non-virtio-net devices
- e1000: stabilize
test matrix
DOA test matrix (all combinations should work):
vhost: test both on and off, obviously
test: hotplug/unplug, vlan/mac filtering, netperf,
file copy both ways: scp, NFS, NTFS
guests: linux: release and debug kernels, windows
conditions: plain run, run while under migration,
vhost on/off migration
networking setup: simple, qos with cgroups
host configuration: host-guest, external-guest